在英文词类中,介系词的功用是帮助作者将概念、人物、地方及事情设在一地点、时间或空间中。常见的介系词包括:at、by、for、from、under、without、with、to、while、during、on。介系词的出现通常意味着一个片语的开始,而片语可为句子的主词及动词添加意思。因此,若要引导读者理解介系词片语的含意,选择正确的介系词十分重要。
在下列名词后使用for :
A check for (amount of money): She gave me a check for $50.
A demand for something: There wasn't enough demand for the product.
A need for something: In the class, a real need for discipline is evident.
A reason for doing something: I have a reason for doing that.
在下列名词后使用in:
A rise in something: A rise in prices has occurred.
A fall in something: A fall in prices affected the employees.
A decrease in something: We have seen decreases in production levels.
在下列名词后使用of:
A cause of something: She is the cause of all his problems.
A photograph or a picture of something or someone: He took a picture of the girl.
在下列名词后使用to:
The damage to something: I did a lot of damage to my car.
An invitation to an activity: We were invited to their wedding.
A reaction to something: Her reaction to his behavior was funny.
A solution to a problem: He provided the solution to our issue.
An attitude to something: Your attitude to your problems is lousy.
在下列名词后使用with:
A relationship with someone or something: The relationship with my dog is fun.
A connection with someone or something: His connection with the city is limited.
A contact with someone or something: Have you had contact with Sarah?
在下列名词后使用between:
A connection between two things: There is no connection between the two ideas.
A relationship between two things: The relationship between the two is strong.
A contact between two things: There is little contact between the two parents.
A difference between two things: There is no difference between those two colors.
使用适当的介系词
每个介系词对于开启下一个片语都有其特定意义。了解这些特定用法有助于写作者帮助读者理解文章内容。
IN
用于空间
In a garden
In a room
用于水体、水域
In the sea
In a river
用于线条
In a row
In a queue
用于静态(非动作性)动词及城市、国家、州等
Stay in Taiwan
Work in Taipei
用于月、年、一段时间
In April
In 2014
用于未来的一段时间
In a few weeks
In a few hours
AT
用于地点
At the bus-stop
At the door
用于页面上的位置
At the top
At the bottom
用于人群
At the back of the class
At the front of class
用于静态(非动作)动词及地点
At the cinema
At work
用于精确时间
At 10:30
At two pm
ON
用于表面
On the table
On the desk
用于小岛
On Maui
On Green Island
用于方向
On the left
One the right
用于周间日期
On Monday
On Tuesday
用于日历上特定日期
On Halloween
On October 29 th
TO
用于go、come、drive等动作动词
Go to work
Drive to Las Vegas
FOR
用于表示一段时间
For three weeks
For many months
WHILE
与动词形态一起使用
While I was watching TV
While I lived in New York
DURING
与名词一起使用以表示某事之发生
During class
During my vacation
注意事项 :
1. 房间的角落为「in the corner of a room」,街道的角落为「at the corner of a street」。
2. 建筑物的前方以「in the front of buildings」表达,后方以「at the back of buildings」表达。
3. 一张纸的正面以「on the front of a piece of paper」表达,背面以「on the back of a piece of paper」表达。
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