「Such as 和including之间有什么差别?」
回答:
本周的电子报要带您了解:如何在句子中正确使用such as和including?
Such as和including的用法常任意的交错使用,这是因为所举的例子常被包含在某较大范围的群组中。事实上,including与inclusion的概念相似,而such as则是用来引介范例,两者之间仍有些微的差异。
标点符号用法:当在较大范围的群组后使用including时,需在including前方加上逗号。
Example:
She has many powerful friends , including an ex-cabinet member and a high court judge.
此处提及的二人是较大的群组「powerful friends」的成员之一,该较大范围群组的其他成员则不需要与其二人隶属于相同类别。
Examples:
I have only ten more days , including weekends, to get my house painted.
Everybody is upset with me , including my dog.
只有在including 表示「将…纳入考虑时(if/when we include)」的意思时,including才能出现在主要子句之前。
Example:
Including taxes and airport fees, the fare is still quite reasonable.
Such as有点不同,其功能与including相似,最大的差别在于,such as是用来引介在同一类别、人事物分类之中的成员,提出较大类别中的单一或多个范例。
标点符号用法:使用such as引介某类别中的范例时,通常会在such as前方加逗号。
Examples:
She has made a great many people nervous , such as her grandmother, her uncles, and her husband-to-be.
Our nursery offers a large selection of fruit trees , such as peach, plum, and apple.
Several long-time friends of the groom , such as his two college roommates and his football buddy Jake, were surprised that he actually went through with the ceremony.
有时候,such as 会带出一整个子句,此时意指「这种的…(of a/the kind that)」。表示此语意时,such as前不加逗号。
Examples:
This will be a disaster such as the world has never seen.
Countries such as Sweden have a long record of welcoming refugees from all over the world.
Car companies such as Toyota and Ford manufacture their automobiles in many different countries around the world.
值得一提的是,including 和such as都可以与另一个相似的片语for example结合:
Examples:
The University also has many years of experience in providing undergraduate and postgraduate programs in related areas including , for example , those provided mainly through the Faculties of Informatics, Business and Management, and engineering.
Some people might want to consider the political figure who made the greatest positive impact, such as , for example , United States President John F. Kennedy.
Including和such as虽然常常可以交互使用,但有时候并不尽然,使用时请务必要多注意。
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