Essay代写：including和such as如何正确使用？

「Such as 和including之间有什么差别？」

回答：

本周的电子报要带您了解：如何在句子中正确使用such as和including？

Such as和including的用法常任意的交错使用，这是因为所举的例子常被包含在某较大范围的群组中。事实上，including与inclusion的概念相似，而such as则是用来引介范例，两者之间仍有些微的差异。

标点符号用法：当在较大范围的群组后使用including时，需在including前方加上逗号。

Example:

She has many powerful friends , including an ex-cabinet member and a high court judge.

此处提及的二人是较大的群组「powerful friends」的成员之一，该较大范围群组的其他成员则不需要与其二人隶属于相同类别。

Examples:

• I have only ten more days , including weekends, to get my house painted.

• Everybody is upset with me , including my dog.

只有在including 表示「将…纳入考虑时（if/when we include）」的意思时，including才能出现在主要子句之前。

Example:

Including taxes and airport fees, the fare is still quite reasonable.

Such as有点不同，其功能与including相似，最大的差别在于，such as是用来引介在同一类别、人事物分类之中的成员，提出较大类别中的单一或多个范例。

标点符号用法：使用such as引介某类别中的范例时，通常会在such as前方加逗号。

Examples:

• She has made a great many people nervous , such as her grandmother, her uncles, and her husband-to-be.

• Our nursery offers a large selection of fruit trees , such as peach, plum, and apple.

• Several long-time friends of the groom , such as his two college roommates and his football buddy Jake, were surprised that he actually went through with the ceremony.

有时候，such as 会带出一整个子句，此时意指「这种的…（of a/the kind that）」。表示此语意时，such as前不加逗号。

Examples:

• This will be a disaster such as the world has never seen.

• Countries such as Sweden have a long record of welcoming refugees from all over the world.

• Car companies such as Toyota and Ford manufacture their automobiles in many different countries around the world.

值得一提的是，including 和such as都可以与另一个相似的片语for example结合：

Examples:

• The University also has many years of experience in providing undergraduate and postgraduate programs in related areas including , for example , those provided mainly through the Faculties of Informatics, Business and Management, and engineering.

• Some people might want to consider the political figure who made the greatest positive impact, such as , for example , United States President John F. Kennedy.

Including和such as虽然常常可以交互使用，但有时候并不尽然，使用时请务必要多注意。

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